• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention concerns a reinforcement means intended for insertion and fixation in a borehole (2) through being embedded in grout (4) and comprising a bolt rod (5), equipped with a tensile section (7) intended to extend out from the borehole, and an extended-central section (8) and an end section (9) intended to be inserted into the borehole, a tension nut (13) intended to be mounted onto the tensile section (7) of the bolt rod, whereby the bolt rod demonstrates interaction means (6) intended to interact with the grout, where the said interaction means (6) is designed as a thread (11) along the complete length of the bolt rod (5), whereby the part of the thread (11) that is arranged along the tensile section (7) of the bolt rod is arranged for the reception of the tension nut (13).
    公开号:FI20185933A1
    申请号:FI20185933
    申请日:2017-04-05
    公开日:2018-11-05
    发明作者:Sture Åberg
    申请人:Infra Man I Norr Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Reinforcement means
    Technical area
    The present invention concerns a reinforcement means for insertion and fixation in a borehole according to the introduction to claim 1.
    Background
    The reinforcement of rock by reinforcement means such as rock bolts of various types is well known. The reinforcement means normally consists of an extended rod of solid material provided with interaction means, lugs, intended to interact with the grout in a borehole; an outermost end, a tensile end, which is provided with a thread in order to interact with a nut;
    and an innermost end with an anchoring wedge intended to make contact with the bottom of the borehole.
    One type of dynamic rock bolt is normally produced from the starting point of a solid rolled iron rod of reinforcement type, with lugs. What is to become the tensile end of the rock bolt passes through a material-removal process in order that a smooth surface is formed. A thread is subsequently rolled onto the end of the rod in a cold condition in order to form a threaded tensile end. The threaded tensile end of the final bolt is in this manner given a diameter that is smaller than the diameter of the load-absorbing bolt body. The thread is as a consequence weaker, and has a lower load-bearing capacity than the rest of the bolt, which is not threaded.
    Another type of dynamic rock bolt is manufactured from the starting point of a round rod. Lugs are manufactured at various locations around the round rod through the rod being cold-pressed and the material being deformed to form lugs.
    During the manufacture of the rock bolt, also the second end, what is to become the anchoring end, of the iron rod is processed, through, for example, transverse sawing with 25 two longitudinal cuts for a certain distance along the length, whereby the end part is divided into four identical segments intended to diverge out from the rod. A wedge-shaped member is subsequently inserted between the segments that are in this way formed and fixed attached by point welding at at least two points,
    AMENDED SHEET
    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018
    ΓI /Ol-iU I I /lWUO*t I
    05-02-2018
    Even though the manufacture is intended to achieve dynamic rock bolts with high loadbearing capacity, it has proved to be the case that the tensile end of this type of reinforcement means does not always reach the stringent strength requirements. In the event of displacements of the rock, the rock bolt is placed under load, and is in this way bent and may fail. Bolt fracture leads to a high load on the tensile end of the bolt and on the associated tensile nut and washer. At high loads, the tensile end cannot withstand the load, which means that the bolt may become lose and rock material may become free and cause a rockfall.
    In recent years, dynamic reinforcement means with higher load-bearing capacity have become known. These include, for example, dynamic reinforcement means that are provided with at least one sheath arranged at the central part of the rod that has been embedded in the borehole. The sheathed part of the rod can be bent and the load-bearing capacity of the rod is in this way higher for such a dynamic type of bolt than it is for conventional bolts.
    It has, however, proved to be the case that also dynamic rock bolts with a threaded tensile end designed in the conventional manner suffer from problems similar to those already described. There is, therefore, a need for a reinforcement means that can satisfy current stringent requirements for load-bearing capacity and in which also the threaded tensile end can withstand a higher load. One purpose of the invention is to achieve a cost-effective, i.e.
    cheap, dynamic reinforcement means that can withstand deformation.
    A second purpose of the invention is to achieve an improved reinforcement means with a tensile end that has a high load-bearing capacity. A further purpose of the invention is to provide a reinforcement means that can be adapted, immediately before it is set into the borehole, in order to function in an optimal manner in a given rock mass in which the ability 25 of the reinforcement means to elongate is exploited more efficiently.
    A further purpose of the invention is to achieve a reinforcement means that does not need to be post-processed after the initial manufacture of the extended body, the bolt rod, of the reinforcement means.
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    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018 ru I / OC£U t f I
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    These purposes of the invention are solved through a reinforcement means that demonstrates the distinctive features and characteristics specified in claim 1. Further advantages of the invention are made clear by the non-independent claims.
    The reinforcement means according to the invention is advantageous through the tensile end of the reinforcement means being given a high load-bearing capacity. A second advantage is that the reinforcement means does not need to be processed either mechanically, thermally or through bending processing after its initial manufacture, in order to provide the reinforcement means with a threaded tensile part. A further advantage is that the reinforcement means can be provided when required with an anchoring wedge in a simple manner and without an extensive requirement for extra work.
    The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings and the subsequent description of an embodiment of the invention, in which:
    Figure 1 shows a reinforcement means according to one embodiment of the invention and inserted into a borehole and surrounded by grout,
    Figure 2 shows a wedge in detail, and
    Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a reinforcement means according to the invention with a pipe added to it according to a second embodiment.
    Figure 1 shows a section of rock 3 and a borehole 2 in the rock, which borehole extends to a depth that exceeds the extent of the rock material that is to be reinforced. A reinforcement means 1, also known as a rock bolt is surrounded by grout 4, for example cement grout that has been injected into the borehole before the reinforcement means 1 is introduced.
    The reinforcement means 1 is designed as an extended cylindrical solid body, a bolt rod 5, with interaction means 6 intended to interact with the grout 4, whereby the bolt rod has a tensile section 7 intended to extend out from the borehole, together with an extended central section 8 and an end section 9, an internal end, that is intended to be inserted into the borehole 2.
    The extended body, the bolt rod 5, of the reinforcement means is designed as a corrugated bar or ribbed bar, an iron rod with low carbon content, which gives advantageous tensile
    AMENDED SHEET rv ί /oi-zu ί uuuuo» ί
    05-02-2018
    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018 properties to the steel, which during its initial manufacture is processed directly at the steel mill through hot-rolling.
    The reinforcement means 1 is intended to be surrounded by grout 4 in the borehole 2, and is therefore designed with interaction means 6, in the form of lugs 10 that are formed on the cylindrical surface of the bolt rod 5, along its complete length during the initial rolling operation.
    The interaction means 6 is designed as a three-dimensional spiral structure, and forms an external surrounding uniform thread 11 along the complete body of the reinforcement means 1. The thread 11 is given a pitch that is lower than that of other frequently used 10 standardised thread profiles.
    Since the thread 11 of the reinforcement means is formed along the complete extended body during the initial manufacture of the bolt rod 5, the inner diameter of the thread dg corresponds to the diameter D of the load-absorbing bolt body. Thereby the body of the bolt rod has the same diameter along the complete length.
    Since the tensile section is not processed after the initial manufacturing by hot-rolling, the material is intact in comparison to if the rock bolt is processed by after-treatment, then strains can arise in the material which affects the load-bearing capacity in the tensile section. Therefore the load-bearing capacity is improved in relation to previously known rock bolts.
    The reinforcement means 1 according to the invention is in this way designed as a fully threaded rock bolt of corrugated bar type, also known as a ribbed bar.
    Thus the interaction means 6 satisfies different purposes at different positions along the length of the reinforcement means. Thus, it is in this way the case that the part of the interact means 6 that is arranged along the tensile section 7 of the reinforcement means that protrudes from the borehole has the purpose of forming a thread 11 for the reception 25 of a contact element with 12 that comprises a tension nut 13; and the part of the interaction means 6 that is arranged along the central section 8 is intended to interact with the grout 4 for the retention of the reinforcement means in the grout.
    Since the thread 11 of the reinforcement means is formed during manufacture of the extended body of the bolt rod 5, no further post-processing of the material of the bolt rod
    AMENDED SHEET
    20185933 prh 05-11-2018
    Γ ί /OL^U I ί I uuvuit I 05-02-2018 needs to be carried out in order to produce a threaded tensile section 7, in contrast with prior art rock bolts. The bolt rod 5 of the dynamic reinforcement means demonstrates in this way a condition that is unchanged from the original manufacture. The reinforcement means 1 according to the invention thus does not need mechanical, thermal or bending post5 processing of the bolt rod 5 in order to obtain a threaded tensile section 7 intended to receive and form a screw joint with a tension nut 13 through contained-force interaction.
    Since the reinforcement means 1 according to the invention is threaded along its full length, the length of the tensile section 7 can be changed as required, which leads to increased flexibility and adaptability to different rock materials and reinforcement needs. The length of the tensile section that protrudes from the borehole can in this way be adapted for the relevant reinforcement needs. It is in this way avoided that the lengths of the tensile section 7 and of the thread 11 do not correspond to the dimensions required in order to achieve high safety.
    The reinforcement means 1 according to the invention comprises also a contact element 12 that is arranged external to an inlet 18 into the said borehole 2.
    The contact element 12 comprises a contact washer 14 provided with a hole and a tension nut 13 that interacts with the thread 11 of the reinforcement means that is arranged at the tensile section 7. The contact element 12 may comprise also a lead nut 15 arranged between the tension nut 13 and the contact washer 14 in order to control the direction of tensile force exerted by the tension nut against the contact washer.
    The tension nut 13 is designed with an internal thread 16. The internal thread 16 of the tension nut is given a thread diameter and a pitch adapted such that the tension nut 13 interacts in a contained-force manner and grips the thread 11 of the reinforcement means that is arranged at the tensile section 7.
    Since the thread 11 of the reinforcement means has a lower pitch than frequently used standard threads, the tension nut 13 is given an axial extension, the height of the nut, such that at least three turns of the thread, preferably five turns of the thread, of the thread 11 of the reinforcement means are surrounded by the tension nut in order to achieve sufficient prestress of the tension nut 13 and obtain a screw joint with a high load-bearing capacity.
    AMENDED SHEET
    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018 rv ι/oocu I f /uuujt i 05-02-2018
    Furthermore, the embodiment of the reinforcement means 1 shown in Figure 1 is provided with a wedge 17 that can be mounted onto the end section 9 of the bolt rod, In a second embodiment of the reinforcement means, the reinforcement means 1 may be used also without wedges.
    The wedge is displayed in more detail in Figure 2. The wedge 17 has a mounting end 19 comprising a cylindrical sheath 20 designed with an internal thread 23 intended to be mounted by screwing onto the end section 9 of the bolt rod. The internal thread 23 is designed to interact with the thread 11 of the bolt rod at the end section 9.
    The wedge has also a wedge end 21 designed with at least two wedge segments 22, possibly up to four wedge segments, that are designed to interact with the bottom 25 of the borehole by being expanded when the reinforcement means 1 is inserted with force against the bottom 25 of the borehole.
    The mounting end 19 of the wedge is mounted at the end section 9 of the reinforcement means by screwing, a threaded connection, onto the threaded end section. This operation can be carried out immediately before the insertion into the borehole or it can be prepared in advance.
    The wedge 19 has the function of interacting with the bottom 25 of the borehole and neighbouring rock surfaces, and of interacting with the grout 4 during the initial phase in order to retain the reinforcement means 1 in the position at which it was introduced. When 20 the reinforcement means is displaced and/or rotated during the insertion operation, the wedge segments 22 are placed under pressure and expanded against the bottom of the borehole.
    The wedge can be screwed on with the wedge segments as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
    Alternatively, the wedge can be turned such that the wedge segments point downwards.
    The wedge is in this case screwed on in the inverse direction, whereby the individual wedge segments are directed downwards towards the reinforcement means itself. In this case, the wedge segments are pressed down against the reinforcement means when this is displaced and/or rotated during the insertion operation, and during anchoring it wedges the wedge
    AMENDED SHEET
    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018 r j I i<ic.£aj I r ,uuuo*t i 05-02-2018 segments in a fixed position against the rock surface in the borehole. Both alternatives give the intended effect.
    The wedge 17 described here is highly advantageous since it can be screwed onto the end section 9 of the rock bolt in a simple manner and interacts directly with the thread 11 that is formed on the extended body of the reinforcement means, and thus a separate attachment method such as point welding is not required.
    It is further shown in Figure 1 that the extended central section 8 of the reinforcement means 1 is provided with a cover 27 along a longitudinal section of its cylindrical surface. The outer surface or circumference of the cover 27 is designed to form a surrounding principally 10 cylindrical jacket 30 on the extended central section 8. The cover 27 leads to the resistance to deformation of the reinforcement means being improved.
    it is preferable that the cover 27 with its jacket 30 be designed as a metal pipe of steel, but it may be manufactured also of electrically insulating material such as plastic or polymer. The cover and its jacket 30 may be designed also as a rigid plastic pipe. It is an advantage that 15 such a plastic pipe be manufactured from what are known as greasy plastics, such as polyethene, polypropene or teflon. Other conceivable materials are, for example, a pliable elastomer, thin layers or films, thermoplastics, soft foam, rigid or hard foam such as urethane foam, polyurethane elastomer or polyurethane rubber or any type of shrink plastic.
    The cover 27 with the jacket 30 surrounds the reinforcement means 1 and has been given such a thickness that it exceeds only slightly the diameter of the reinforcement means, measured across the thread 11. The latter fact will become particularly evident from careful study of Figure 4. As a consequence, the jacket 30 that is in this way formed will not increase 25 the diameter of the reinforcement means 1 more than necessary where it effectively limits, along a longitudinal section L of the complete length of the central section 8, as a barrier, the spiral-formed radially protruding interaction means 6, the thread, of the reinforcement means from contact with the grout.
    Figure 3 shows that the cylindrical jacket 30 is designed as a metal pipe 32. The position of 30 the pipe is fixed on the bolt rod 5, closely surrounding it. It is preferable that the pipe 32 be
    AMENDED SHEET
    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018
    I /Od£.V J f /UUUJ*t I 05-02-2018 fixed through clamping of the ends of the pipe at the body of the reinforcement means. It is advantageous, therefore, that the material of the cover have a certain pliability such that clamping can be carried out without the risk of the pipe breaking.
    It is preferable that the cover 27 be given a location on the extended central section 8 and that it be given such a length L relative to the total length of the central section 8, that two sections 34, 36 with freely exposed thread 11 are formed on the central section 8, see Figure
    2.
    As a consequence of the jacket 30, the selected part, the region that is surrounded by the cover 27, of the body of the reinforcement means, will not come into contact with the grout
    4, which means that the elongation properties of the reinforcement means are significantly improved at this part and that the resulting ability of the reinforcement means to absorb deformations in the rock is increased. The extension that arises during deformation of the reinforcement means when placed under a heavy load will, therefore, principally arise along the selected part of the reinforcement means 1 that is surrounded by the jacket 30. Figure 1 shows an example of the formation of fractures 40 in rock 3 that cross the selected part of the reinforcement means 1.
    In order to have a load-absorbing function, the rear section 34 and forward section 36 of the reinforcement means are fixed in the grout of the borehole by means of the freely exposed thread 11 of the reinforcement means, which here functions as interaction means that interacts with the hardened grout 4. The part of the central section 8 of the reinforcement means that is surrounded by the cover 27 with its jacket 30 is freed from the grout 4 in order to allow the reinforcement means to be freely bent in this region. The forward end section 9 of the reinforcement means, that may be provided with a wedge 17, is intended to act in a manner that anchors the end in the grout 4.
    A reinforcement means 1 is in this way obtained that is fixed anchored in the rock at the bottom 25 and mouth 18 of the borehole after mounting, while it is free from contact with the grout 4 along a part of its length between these locations, and this means that the embedded reinforcement means 1 will be freely deformable along a part of its total length.
    AMENDED SHEET
    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018 r I /oc^u I i /uuuu*t I 05-02-2018
    In order to further reduce the tendency to adhesion to the grout 4 in the selected regions, it is appropriate that the jacket 30 be given an essentially smooth outer surface.
    It should be understood that the bolt rod 5 may be pre-fabricated and equipped with the cover 27 or the pipe 32 and the wedge 17 in advance at the factory, or, as an alternative, the bolt rod may be equipped with the cover 27 or the pipe 32, and thus a jacket 30 that has been formed, on site, immediately before the bolt rod 5 is to be inserted into a borehole 2. The advantage of applying the cover or pipe as late as possible during the manufacture of the reinforcement means, or immediately before its insertion into a borehole 2, is that this makes it possible to adapt each individual reinforcement means or batch of reinforcement means to a specific purpose and structure of the type of rock they are intended to reinforce. It would thus be possible for the reinforcement means to be manufactured as a stock item of fully threaded corrugated bar without a cover, whereby the reinforcement means can be easily adapted for each specific field of use, type of rock or pattern of fracture formation in the rock that has been determined in advance, through being equipped with covers or pipes of suitable lengths in regions along the length of the reinforcement means.
    In one embodiment ofthe present invention, the surface ofthe reinforcement means 1, the cylindrical body of the bolt rod, is treated with surface treatment in order to avoid, or at 20 least minimise, rust attack. Rust attack is particularly prevalent along the tensile section 7 that protrudes from the borehole. Also surfaces along the central section 8 of the rock bolt that has been introduced into the borehole may be exposed to rust attack since the environment in the rock material may be corrosive. The surface treatment comprises the complete reinforcement means 1 or a part of the reinforcement means being covered by 25 one or several layers of substances that have properties that protect from rust. Surface treatment may be carried out through, for example, galvanisation and/or coating with an epoxy or similar material.
    The invention is not limited to what has been described above and shown in the drawings: it can be changed and modified in several different ways within the scope of the attached patent claims. -
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    Reinforcing means (1) for insertion and attachment to a borehole (2) immersed in mortar (4) and comprising a screw bar (5) provided with a tensile portion (7) intended to extend out
    5 bore holes, and an extended central portion (8) and an end portion (9) to be inserted into the bore, a clamping nut (13) for mounting on the screw rod drive portion (7), wherein the screw rod comprises interaction means (6) interacting with the plaster, the reinforcing means being provided in the region with a guard (27) extending part 10 of its central portion (8) to release the reinforcing means (1) from the plaster (4) to allow free bending of the reinforcing means is designed as a thread (11) over the entire length of the screw bar (5), wherein the portion of the thread (11) arranged along the screw rod drive portion (7) is arranged to receive the clamping nut (13) and 5) is made by threading (11) by hot rolling during the initial production of the screw rod (5).
    [2]
    Reinforcement means according to Claim 1, characterized in that the interaction means (6) are designed as a three-dimensional spiral structure and form the entire body of the screw screw bar (5) of the outer peripheral thread.
    20 trips.
    [3]
    Reinforcement means according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the draw section (7) has a variable length, wherein the length of the draw section protruding from the borehole is adapted to the prevailing reinforcement need.
    [4]
    The reinforcing means of claim 3, comprising:
    25 that the shield (27) is made of a flexible material so that the shield can be secured to the reinforcing means without breaking the shield.
    [5]
    Reinforcement means according to claim 4, characterized in that the cover (27) is made as a metal tube (32).
    [6]
    The reinforcement means according to claim 4, comprising:
    30 that the cover (27) is made of a material which is electrically insulating, such as plastic or polymeric material.
    [7]
    Reinforcement means according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the cover (27) is attached to the body of the reinforcement means.
    20185933 prh 05 -11- 2018
    [8]
    Fastening means according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping nut (13) is designed at a height of the nut resulting in at least three, preferably five, turns of the thread 11 of the fastening means being surrounded by the clamping nut (13).
    5
    [9]
    Reinforcement means according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a wedge (17) which can be mounted on the end portion (9), wherein the wedge has wedge segments directed downwardly towards the reinforcing means.
    [10]
    Reinforcing means according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a wedge (17) which can be mounted on the end portion (9) by screwing, wherein the wedge (17) is provided with a sleeve (20) having an internal thread (23) interact with the thread (11) of the reinforcing means, and at least two wedge segments (22) that can be expanded outwardly.
    [11]
    The reinforcement according to any one of the preceding claims,
    Means comprising at least one surface portion of the reinforcing means designed to comprise a surface layer which protects against rust comprising, for example, zinc and / or epoxy.
    [12]
    Reinforcing means (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screw bar (5) is designed to comprise
    20 tea (11) during the initial fabrication of the screw rod (5), after which no post-treatment of the screw rod (5) affecting its material is performed such that the screw rod state during immersion is a state unchanged from the initial fabrication state.
    [13]
    Reinforcement means according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (27) comprises a cover (30) having a substantially flat outer surface.
    类似技术:
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    JPH0617857Y2|1994-05-11|Anchor bond sheath
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    同族专利:
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    SE1750417A1|2017-10-06|
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    WO2017176205A1|2017-10-12|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3717024C2|1987-05-21|1989-10-19|F. Willich Gmbh & Co, 4600 Dortmund, De|
    SE535627C2|2010-05-26|2012-10-23|Luossavaara Kiirunavaara Ab|rock bolt|
    CN202937285U|2012-04-27|2013-05-15|韩昱|Full-thread resin anchor bolt|
    WO2015072837A1|2013-11-15|2015-05-21|Aguilar Vera Oscar Octavio|Mining anchor with a continuous thread|CN109723480B|2018-12-27|2020-04-24|山东科技大学|Tension-compression coupling yielding energy-absorbing grouting anchor rod for large deformation of surrounding rock and working method|
    法律状态:
    2019-10-17| PC| Transfer of assignment of patent|Owner name: SWEDEN MINING SUPPORT AB |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1650463|2016-04-05|
    PCT/SE2017/050341|WO2017176205A1|2016-04-05|2017-04-05|Reinforcement means for insertion and fixation in a borehole|
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